Comparison
Both an IEP and a 504 plan provide accommodations for students with disabilities in K-12 education. They sit under different federal laws and provide different protections, services, and procedural rights. Choosing or pursuing the right one materially shapes what the school is required to provide.
Bottom Line
An IEP delivers specialized instruction and related services under IDEA, with formal procedural protections including FAPE, evaluation, and due process. A 504 plan provides accommodations under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act for students whose disability substantially limits a major life activity but who do not need specialized instruction.
A legally binding plan under IDEA that delivers specially designed instruction, related services, and measurable goals to eligible students with disabilities.
Learn more →A plan under Section 504 providing accommodations and modifications to ensure equal access for students with disabilities who do not need specialized instruction.
Learn more →| Attribute | IEP (Individualized Education Program) | 504 Plan |
|---|---|---|
| Governing law | Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). | Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. |
| Eligibility | Student must have one of 13 specific disability categories AND require specialized instruction. | Student must have a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits a major life activity. |
| What it provides | Specialized instruction, related services (speech, OT, counseling), measurable annual goals, accommodations. | Accommodations and modifications to ensure equal access; no specialized instruction. |
| Procedural protections | Formal: written notice, evaluation, parental consent, IEP team meetings, due process complaints. | Lighter: written plan, parental notification, OCR complaint pathway. |
| Manifestation determination | Required after 10+ days of removal in a school year before further discipline. | Required after 10+ days of removal in a school year before further discipline. |
| When to push for which | Push for an IEP when the disability requires specialized instruction or specific related services. | A 504 is appropriate when accommodations alone (extended time, preferential seating) are sufficient. |
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